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In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). [ 1 ]
English: An (admittedly extremely rough) schematic of the sacral plexus based on "Netter, Frank (2011) Atlas of Human Anatomy, Saunders Elsevier, pp. 487 ISBN: 978-1-4160-5951-6. " or equivalently the reproduction at this site.
It is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the right lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve has no cutaneous branches for the thigh.
The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus; sacral plexus; pudendal plexus
It is a branch of the sacral plexus. It supplies the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh , leg , buttock , and also the perineum . Unlike most nerves termed "cutaneous" which are subcutaneous, only the terminal branches of this nerve pass into subcutaneous tissue before being distributed to the skin, with most of the nerve itself ...
The sacral canal as a continuation of the vertebral canal runs throughout the greater part of the sacrum. The sacral angle is the angle formed by the true conjugate with the two pieces of sacrum. [clarification needed] Normally, it is greater than 60 degrees. A sacral angle of lesser degree suggests funneling of the pelvis. [clarification needed]
The superior gluteal nerve is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve of the sacral plexus that originates in the pelvis. It provides motor innervation to the gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , tensor fasciae latae , and piriformis muscles; it also has a cutaneous branch.
Origin. The perforating cutaneous nerve may arise from the pudendal nerve.It is occasionally united with the pudendal nerve at its origin. [3]It may be absent (this is the case in 36% of individuals) in which case it is replaced by a branch from either the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh or from the anterior rami of either S3-S4 or S4-S5.