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For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
Building performance simulation (BPS) and CFD programs are important building design tools which are used for the evaluation of building performance, including thermal comfort, indoor air quality mechanical system efficiency and energy consumption. [6] CFD in buildings is mainly used for one or more followings purposes:
The project developed a heat recovery air exchanger (HRV), hot water recovery, and a blower-door apparatus to measure building air-tightness, techniques that became common in low-energy building in other parts of the world. [9] Orr would go on to apply many of those techniques to retro-fitting existing buildings to improve energy efficiency ...
The heat pump itself can be improved by increasing the size of the internal heat exchangers, which in turn increases the efficiency (and the cost) relative to the power of the compressor, and also by reducing the system's internal temperature gap over the compressor. Obviously, this latter measure makes some heat pumps unsuitable to produce ...
The energy is the main criterion considered by any international building energy rating scheme but there are some other important factors such as production of greenhouse gases emission, indoor environment quality, cost efficiency and thermal comfort, which are considered by some schemes.
The passivhaus standard combines superinsulation with other techniques and technologies to achieve ultra-low energy use.. Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction, and retrofitting that dramatically reduces heat loss (and gain) by using much higher insulation levels and airtightness than average.
Sufficient thermal insulation is the fundamental task that ensures a healthy indoor environment and against structure damages. It is also a key factor in dealing with high energy consumption, it can reduce the heat flow through the building envelope. Good thermal insulation can also bring the following benefits to the building:
Central heating systems: These systems produce heat in one central location and distribute it throughout the building. This category includes furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps. [1] [2] Distributed heating systems: These systems generate heat in the space they are to heat, without extensive duct systems. Examples include electric space heaters ...