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Master's two-step test [7] was often used, but it was too strenuous for many patients, and inadequate for the assessment of respiratory and circulatory function during varying amounts of exercise. To address these problems, Bruce and his colleagues began to develop a cardiac stress test.
A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate.
Cardiac stress testing is used to determine to assess cardiac function and to disclose evidence of exertion-related cardiac hypoxia. Radionuclide testing using thallium or technetium can be used to demonstrate areas of perfusion abnormalities. With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not ...
The Harvard step test, in scientific literature sometimes referred to as the Brouha Test, is a type of cardiac stress test for detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease. It is also a good measurement of fitness and a person's ability to recover after a strenuous exercise by checking the recovery rate.
Duke Treadmill Score is one of the tools for predicting the risk of ischemia or infarction in the heart muscle. [1] The calculation is done based on the information obtained from an exercise test by this formula: [citation needed] [exercise duration by Bruce protocol] - [ 5 × (maximal ST elevation or depression)] - [4 × (treadmill angina index)]
He established guidelines in 1956 for the grouping of patients into New York Heart Association Functional Classification I through IV. [4] Bruce's early use of the treadmill for stress testing was a single-stage test at a fixed rate and fixed grade. [ 5 ]
A cardiac stress test, puts stress on the heart through exercise. A series of exercises to measure the tolerance for stress on the heart will be carried out. This test uses an EKG to detect the electrical impulses of the heart during physical exertion. [29] A treadmill or exercise bike will be used.
Indications for cardiac catheterization include the following: Heart Attack (includes ST elevation MI, Non-ST Elevation MI, Unstable Angina) Abnormal Stress Test; New-onset unexplained heart failure; Survival of sudden cardiac death or dangerous cardiac arrhythmia; Persistent chest pain despite optimal medical therapy