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The Weald Basin (/ ˈ w iː l d /) is a major topographic feature of the area that is now southern England and northern France from the Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Its uplift in the Late Cretaceous marked the formation of the Wealden Anticline .
The Weald–Artois Anticline, or Wealden Anticline, is a large anticline, a geological structure running between the regions of the Weald in southern England and Artois in northern France. The fold formed during the Alpine orogeny , from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene as an uplifted form of the Weald basin through inversion of the basin.
It is a well-wooded zone almost entirely within the Caps et Marais d'Opale Regional Natural Park and is the east end of the Weald-Artois Anticline. [1] [2] Its coast all faces west to the English Channel (la Manche), apart from a short north coast, including the small beach of Cap Gris-Nez which faces the Strait of Dover ("le Pas de Calais ...
The name "Weald" is derived from the Old English weald, meaning "forest" (cognate of German Wald, but unrelated to English "wood"). This comes from a Germanic root of the same meaning, and ultimately from Indo-European. Weald is specifically a West Saxon form; wold is the Anglian form of the word. [1]
For much of its history the Weald had been slowly subsiding basin, but the growth of the Alpine Chain to the south during the Cenozoic caused a reactivation of the Variscan basement basin-bounding faults, the rocks were arched into a broad anticline which stretched across the English Channel to Northern France, the Weald–Artois anticline.
Artois (/ ɑːr ˈ t w ɑː / ar-TWAH, French:; Dutch: Artesië; Picard: Artoé; English adjective: Artesian) is a region of northern France. Its territory covers an area of about 4,000 km 2 and it has a population of about one million. Its principal cities include Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens, and Béthune.
The predominant geology underlying the western Weald is the Weald Clay of the Wealden Series of the Lower Cretaceous, including in a few places Paludina limestones, used as a building stone. To the west there are extensive hills and ridges formed of Lower Greensand , including Blackdown , the highest point in Sussex.
These geological units make up the core of the Weald in the English counties of East Sussex and Kent. The other component formations of the Hastings Beds are the overlying Wadhurst Clay Formation and the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation. The Hastings Beds in turn forms part of the Wealden Supergroup which underlies much of South East England.