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For front-wheel drive cars, rear suspension has few constraints, and a variety of beam axles and independent suspensions are used. For rear-wheel drive cars, rear suspension has many constraints, and the development of the superior, but more expensive independent suspension layout has been difficult. [citation needed]
A simple MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. The front of the vehicle is at bottom right of the image. Upper green: Vehicle body/strut interface Red: Steering knuckle or hub carrier Blue: Lower control arm or track control arm Light blue: Steering gear tie rod or track rod Lower purple: Radius rod
Twin-Traction Beam was invented by John A. Richardson and Donald G. Wheatley of Ford Motor Company covered by US patent 3,948,337 issued April 6, 1976. The patent name was “Independent front suspension for front-wheel drive” which was assigned to Ford Motor Company. [1] [2] The Dana Holding Corporation manufactured the TTB axle for Ford.
A beam axle, rigid axle, or solid axle is a dependent suspension design in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft. Beam axles were once commonly used at the rear wheels of a vehicle, but historically, they have also been used as front axles in four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Double wishbone suspension (front) on a Saab Quantum IV. The double-wishbone suspension can also be referred to as "double A-arms", though the arms themselves can be A-shaped or L-shaped. A single wishbone or A-arm can also be used in various other suspension types, such as variations of the MacPherson strut.
A powered de Dion suspension uses universal joints on both ends of its driveshafts (at the wheel hubs and at the differential), and a solid tubular beam to hold the opposite wheels in parallel. Unlike an anti-roll bar , a de Dion tube is not directly connected to the chassis , and is not intended to flex.
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