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  2. Hume-Rothery rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume-Rothery_rules

    Solute atoms should have a smaller radius than 59% of the radius of solvent atoms. [5] [6] The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity. [7] Valency factor: two elements should have the same valence. The greater the difference in valence between solute and solvent atoms, the lower the solubility.

  3. Solid solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solution

    The propensity for any two substances to form a solid solution is a complicated matter involving the chemical, crystallographic, and quantum properties of the substances in question. Substitutional solid solutions, in accordance with the Hume-Rothery rules, may form if the solute and solvent have: Similar atomic radii (15% or less difference)

  4. Domain wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_wall

    A domain (hyper volume) is extended in three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. A domain wall is the boundary between two neighboring domains. Thus a domain wall is extended in two spatial dimensions and one time dimension. Important examples are: Domain wall (magnetism), an interface separating magnetic domains

  5. Domain wall (magnetism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_wall_(magnetism)

    In the end an equilibrium is reached between the two and the domain wall's width is set as such. An ideal domain wall would be fully independent of position, but the structures are not ideal and so get stuck on inclusion sites within the medium, also known as crystallographic defects. These include missing or different (foreign) atoms, oxides ...

  6. Phase boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_boundary

    In thermal equilibrium, each phase (i.e. liquid, solid etc.) of physical matter comes to an end at a transitional point, or spatial interface, called a phase boundary, due to the immiscibility of the matter with the matter on the other side of the boundary. This immiscibility is due to at least one difference between the two substances ...

  7. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    Covalent and ionic bonding form a continuum, with ionic character increasing with increasing difference in the electronegativity of the participating atoms. Covalent bonding corresponds to sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms of essentially equal electronegativity (for example, C–C and C–H bonds in aliphatic hydrocarbons).

  8. Miscibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscibility

    Miscibility (/ ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ b ɪ l ɪ t i /) is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution). Such substances are said to be miscible (etymologically equivalent to the common term "mixable").

  9. Surface states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_states

    The solutions to the Schrödinger equation must be obtained separately for the two domains z < 0 and z > 0. In the sense of the nearly free electron approximation, the solutions obtained for z < 0 will have plane wave character for wave vectors away from the Brillouin zone boundary k = ± π / a {\displaystyle k=\pm \pi /a} , where the ...