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A carcinogen (/ k ɑːr ˈ s ɪ n ə dʒ ən /) is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. [1] Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals , naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation , and biologic agents such as viruses and bacteria . [ 2 ]
The first type of carcinogen is the physical type which can be ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. The second type of carcinogens is defined as asbestos, tobacco smoke, alcohol, aflatoxin, and arsenic. The third type of carcinogen is biological which highlights infections that can be caused from viruses, bacteria, or parasites. [2]
This means that while carcinogens are capable of causing cancer, it does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer, given the level of exposure to this carcinogen. [2] The list is up to date as of January 2024. [3]
The analysis, published in the journal Frontiers in Toxicology, builds upon research published earlier this year, which identified more than 900 chemicals as being potential mammory carcinogens ...
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
A new study suggests that possible carcinogens linked to neurological issues, hormone disruption, and cancer-related death may be inside many cars.
The World Health Organization has identified glyphosate as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" and a study published earlier this year showed that glyphosate raised the cancer risk of those exposed ...
Chemotherapy drugs such as platinum-based compounds are carcinogens that increase the risk of secondary cancers [46] Azathioprine, an immunosuppressive medication, is a carcinogen that can cause primary tumors to develop. [46]