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  2. Specific weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_weight

    The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...

  3. Mud weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_weight

    In the oil industry, mud weight is the density of the drilling fluid and is normally measured in pounds per gallon (lb/gal) (ppg) or pound cubic feet (pcf) . [1] In the field it is measured using a mud scale or mud balance. Mud can weigh up to 22 or 23 ppg. A gallon of water typically weighs 8.33 pounds (or 7.48 ppg).

  4. Bay mud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_mud

    Typical bulk density of bay mud is approximately 1.3 grams per cubic centimetre. Bay muds often have a high organic content, consisting of decayed organisms at lower depths, but may also contain living creatures when they occur at the upper soil layer and become exposed by low tides; then, they are called mudflats , an important ecological zone ...

  5. Specific surface area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_surface_area

    Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, [1] (with units of m 2 /kg or m 2 /g). Alternatively, it may be defined as SA per solid or bulk volume [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (units of m 2 /m 3 or m −1 ).

  6. Brick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick

    The clay is then pressed into steel moulds with a hydraulic press. The shaped clay is then fired at 900–1,000 °C (1,650–1,830 °F) to achieve strength. Dry-pressed bricks – The dry-press method is similar to the soft-mud moulded method, but starts with a much thicker clay mix, so it forms more accurate, sharper-edged bricks.

  7. Clay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay

    Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4).

  8. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    The specific heat of pure water is ~ 1 calorie per gram, the specific heat of dry soil is ~ 0.2 calories per gram, hence, the specific heat of wet soil is ~ 0.2 to 1 calories per gram (0.8 to 4.2 kJ per kilogram). [90] Also, a tremendous energy (~584 cal/g or 2442 kJ/kg at 25 °C) is required to evaporate water (known as the heat of ...

  9. Void ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_ratio

    The opposite situation, i. e. when the void ratio is relatively small (dense soils), indicates that the volume of the soil is vulnerable to increase (swelling) under unloading – the smectite (montmorillonite, bentonite) partially dry clay particles present in an unsaturated soil can swell due to their hydration after contact with water (when ...