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Thus, the use of alternative probe molecules can often result in different obtained numerical values for surface area, rendering comparison problematic. The model also ignores adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. Experimentally, there is clear evidence for adsorbate–adsorbate interactions in heat of adsorption data.
Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate. New chemical bonds are generated at the adsorbent surface. Examples include macroscopic phenomena that can be very obvious, like corrosion [clarification needed], and subtler effects associated with heterogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst and reactants are in different pha
gas molecules only interact with adjacent layers; and; the Langmuir theory can be applied to each layer. the enthalpy of adsorption for the first layer is constant and greater than the second (and higher). the enthalpy of adsorption for the second (and higher) layers is the same as the enthalpy of liquefaction. The resulting BET equation is
The unimolecular forms often occur naturally near the ends of the chromosomes, better known as the telomeric regions, and in transcriptional regulatory regions of multiple genes, both in microbes [6] [7] and across vertebrates [8] [7] including oncogenes in humans. [9]
It offers a concrete interpretation of the pre-exponential factor A in the Arrhenius equation; for a unimolecular, single-step process, the rough equivalence A = (k B T/h) exp(1 + ΔS ‡ /R) (or A = (k B T/h) exp(2 + ΔS ‡ /R) for bimolecular gas-phase reactions) holds. For a unimolecular process, a negative value indicates a more ordered ...
Vapor-solid reactions: formation of an inactive surface layer and/or formation of a volatile compound that exits the reactor. [22] This results in a loss of surface area and/or catalyst material. Solid-state transformation : solid-state diffusion of catalyst support atoms to the surface followed by a reaction that forms an inactive phase.
Surface reconstruction refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Surface reconstructions are important in that they help in the understanding of surface chemistry for various materials, especially in the case where another material is adsorbed onto the surface.
A nucleus with positive charge is located at R = (0, 0, Z), and the position coordinate of its electron, r = (x, y, z) is given with respect to the nucleus. The adsorption process can be viewed as the interaction between this hydrogen atom and its image charges of both the nucleus and electron in the conductor.