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Yiddish, [a] historically Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.
They traditionally speak Yiddish, [9] a language that originated in the 9th century, [10] and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Hebrew was primarily used as a literary and sacred language until its 20th-century revival as a common language in Israel.
However, for the most part, modern Ashkenazi Jews originated with Jews who migrated or were forcibly taken from the Middle East to southern Europe in antiquity, where they established Jewish communities before moving into northern France and lower Germany during the High and Late Middle Ages. They also descend to a lesser degree from Jewish ...
Yiddish linguistic scholarship uses a system developed by M. Weinreich (1960) to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. [12] Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given a unique two-digit identifier, and its reflexes use it as a subscript, for example Southeastern o 11 is the vowel /o/, descended from Proto-Yiddish */a ...
Most Jews who settled in East Germany did so either because their pre-1933 homes had been there or because they had been politically leftist before the Nazi seizure of power and, after 1945, wished to build an anti-fascist, socialist Germany. Most such politically engaged Jews were not religious or active in the official Jewish community.
The Jews engaged in trade and various crafts, such as tailoring, weaving, leather processing and even agriculture. The economic activity of Eastern European Jewry was different from that of Central and Western European Jews: in Eastern Europe, the Jews developed specializations in trade, leasing, and crafts, which were hardly found in Western Europe.
Similar varieties of Moselle Franconian are spoken in small parts of Belgium, France, and Germany. Yiddish, once a native language of some 11 to 13 million people, remains in use by some 1.5 million speakers in Jewish communities around the world, mainly in North America, Europe, Israel, and other regions with Jewish populations. [11]
Germany: 125,000–175,000 [2] [4] ... (Jewish) is the origin of the word "Yiddish". [68] ... who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and ...