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The second-order phase transition was for a while controversial, as it seems to require two sheets of the Gibbs free energy to osculate exactly, which is so unlikely as to never occur in practice. Cornelis Gorter replied the criticism by pointing out that the Gibbs free energy surface might have two sheets on one side, but only one sheet on the ...
Vomma, [4] volga, [15] vega convexity, [15] or DvegaDvol [15] measures second-order sensitivity to volatility. Vomma is the second derivative of the option value with respect to the volatility, or, stated another way, vomma measures the rate of change to vega as volatility changes.
The international world order will change from a) the existing tattered remains of the post-World War II system that was created by the U.S. and its allies, in which there are/were generally ...
In other words, any first-order perturbation of the path results in (at most) second-order changes in . Note that the abbreviated action S 0 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}_{0}} is a functional (i.e. a function from a vector space into its underlying scalar field), which in this case takes as its input a function (i.e. the paths between the two ...
The second derivative of a function f can be used to determine the concavity of the graph of f. [2] A function whose second derivative is positive is said to be concave up (also referred to as convex), meaning that the tangent line near the point where it touches the function will lie below the graph of the function.
The condition for Γ to be a ray path is that the first-order change in T due to a change in Γ is zero; that is, = =. Now let us define the optical length of a given path ( optical path length , OPL ) as the distance traversed by a ray in a homogeneous isotropic reference medium (e.g., a vacuum) in the same time that it takes to traverse the ...
Using Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR), all main motions can be amended, [1] by so called "first-order" amendments. A first-order amendment can be amended, [2] by "second-order" amendments. However, the limit is that a second-order amendment may not be amended, because it would be too complicated. [2]
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -China-based DJI and Autel Robotics could be banned from selling new drones in the United States market under an annual military bill set to be voted on later this week by the ...