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Limonene (/ ˈ l ɪ m ə n ˌ iː n /) is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. [1] The (+)- isomer , occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
The space inside each segment is a locule filled with juice vesicles. [2] Lemons contain numerous phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenes, and tannins. [3] Lemon juice contains slightly more citric acid than lime juice (about 47 g/L), nearly twice as much as grapefruit juice, and about five times as much as orange juice. [4]
In contrast to most essential oils, it is extracted as a by-product of orange juice production by centrifugation, producing a cold-pressed oil. [1] It is composed of mostly (greater than 90%) d-limonene, [2] and is often used in place of pure d-limonene. D-limonene can be extracted from the oil by distillation.
The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The natsumikan tree is believed to be genetically derived from the pomelo (Citrus maxima). Calamondin Calamansi × Citrofortunella mitis: Calamansi, also known as calamondin, Philippine lime, or Philippine lemon, is an economically important citrus hybrid predominantly cultivated in the ...
Limes have higher contents of sugars and acids than lemons do. [1] Lime juice may be squeezed from fresh limes, or purchased in bottles in both unsweetened and sweetened varieties. Lime juice is used to make limeade, and as an ingredient (typically as sour mix) in many cocktails.
For use as a cocktail garnish, zest often is cut in a long spiral called a twist. Cocktails featuring a twist include Dry Martini and Horse's Neck. For maximum flavor and aroma, as in mulled wine, zest is simply cut from the fruit with a knife. Medicinally, lemon peels can allegedly serve as an exfoliate and be used to treat calluses. [5]
Calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa), [2] also known as calamondin, [3] Philippine lime, [4] or Philippine lemon, [5] is a citrus hybrid cultivated predominantly in the Philippines. It is native to the Philippines, parts of Indonesia ( Borneo , Sumatra , and Sulawesi ), Malaysia , and Brunei , as well as parts of southern China and Taiwan.
Rangpur limes, like rough lemons, arose from crosses between citron and mandarin. The sweet limes, so-called due to their low acid pulp and juice, come from crosses of citron with either sweet or sour oranges, while the Key lime arose from a cross between a citron and a micrantha. [16]