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Attribution theory also provides explanations for why different people can interpret the same event in different ways and what factors contribute to attribution biases. [ 10 ] Psychologist Fritz Heider first discussed attributions in his 1958 book, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations . [ 1 ]
Fundamental attribution error, the tendency for people to overemphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior [115] (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect). [129]
To demonstrate the first form of group attribution error, research participants are typically given case studies about individuals who are members of defined groups (such as members of a particular occupation, nationality, or ethnicity), and then take surveys to determine their views of the groups as a whole.
The Fundamental attribution error) When asked to remember words relating to themselves, subjects had greater recall than those receiving other instructions. [1] In connection with the levels-of-processing effect, more processing and more connections are made within the mind in relation to a topic connected to the self. [29]
Emotion is also known to influence the ultimate attribution error, shaping the way individuals attribute behavior to group members. For instance, emotions such as fear and anger can intensify negative attributions toward out-group members by increasing the likelihood of bad out-group behavior to dispositional factors, and good behavior to ...
Fritz Heider discovered Attribution theory during a time when psychologists were furthering research on personality, social psychology, and human motivation. [5] Heider worked alone in his research, but stated that he wished for Attribution theory not to be attributed to him because many different ideas and people were involved in the process. [5]
For example, Fundamental attribution error, which is the instinctive tendency to ascribe a certain behaviour to the individual's personality whilst neglecting the influence of situational factors, is a central concept to social psychology and is heavily founded on the spontaneous trait inference.