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  2. Lidocaine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine

    Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]

  3. Dental anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_anesthesia

    Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2] The time it takes for the anesthetic medication to prevent pain in the area (speed of onset) and length of time that the area does not have painful sensations are considerations when choosing an appropriate approach to dental treatment.

  4. GI cocktail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GI_cocktail

    [1] [2] The GI cocktail is commonly prescribed in the hospital or emergency department, and has been used to help distinguish chest pain as either gastrointestinal or cardiac. [1] While it has been widely used in the treatment of dyspepsia, studies have suggested that the GI cocktail is only as effective as antacids alone.

  5. Local anesthetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

    Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...

  6. Isoflurane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoflurane

    Isoflurane is always administered in conjunction with air or pure oxygen.Often, nitrous oxide is also used. Although its physical properties imply that anaesthesia can be induced more rapidly than with halothane, [10] its pungency can irritate the respiratory system, negating any possible advantage conferred by its physical properties.

  7. Topical medication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_medication

    A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]

  8. Bronchodilator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator

    It must be taken 1–4 times daily, and doses cannot be missed. Blood tests are required to monitor therapy and to indicate when dosage adjustment is necessary. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach or headache, rapid or irregular heart beat, muscle cramps, nervous or jittery feelings, and hyperactivity.

  9. Procedural sedation and analgesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedation_and...

    When used for procedural sedation these are started at low dose then titrated to reach the desired effect. [1] Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid, 75-125 times stronger than morphine, [3] that acts by activating opioid receptors in the nervous system. Its effects begin in 2–3 minutes, and last 30–60 minutes.

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