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The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-1951-2903-2; Litwack, Leon F. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. ISBN 0-3945-2778-X; Lopez, Ian F. Haney.
This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.
Black and White residents picket on Congress Avenue to protest segregation in Austin in 1960. During the Jim Crow era, Black people in the South were subject to multiple forms of state-sponsored ...
A collection of 10,000 stereotype-defying images documenting Black life in Central Virginia during the Jim Crow era will be showcased The post UVA photography exhibit shatters stereotypes of Black ...
It was Jim Crow that produced seating for Black people in the back of streetcars and buses and separate drinking fountains in department stores. But the Jim Crow color line began with the police ...
Black Codes; Jim Crow laws ... Virginia was the first state to prohibit the entry of all Free ... The protagonists embarking on a road trip across 1950s Jim Crow ...
It was the beginning of the end of Jim Crow, the often brutally enforced web of racist laws and practices born in the South to subjugate Black Americans. Members of the last generation to live ...