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The OCSP responder looks in a CA database that Carol maintains. In this scenario, Carol's CA database is the only trusted location where a compromise to Alice's certificate would be recorded. Carol's OCSP responder confirms that Alice's certificate is still OK, and returns a signed, successful 'OCSP response' to Bob.
The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) allows clients to interactively ask a server (an OCSP responder) about a certificate's status, receiving a response that is cryptographically authenticated by the issuing CA. [29] It was designed to address issues with CRLs. [30] A typical OCSP response is less than 1 kB. [31]
OCSP stapling is designed to reduce the cost of an OCSP validation, both for the client and the OCSP responder, especially for large sites serving many simultaneous users. However, OCSP stapling supports only one OCSP response at a time, which is insufficient for certificate chains with intermediate CA certs. [26] [27]
[3] Browsers and other relying parties might use CRLs, or might use alternate certificate revocation technologies (such as OCSP) [4] [5] or CRLSets (a dataset derived from CRLs [6]) to check certificate revocation status. Note that OCSP is falling out of favor due to privacy and performance concerns [7] [8] [9]. Subscribers and other parties ...
The SCVP server's response contains a set of certificates making up a valid path between the certificate in question and one of the trusted certificates. The response may also contain proof of revocation status, such as OCSP responses, for the certificates in the path. Once a certification path has been constructed, it needs to be validated.
XiPKI, [36] CA and OCSP responder. With SHA-3 support, implemented in Java. (Apache licensed) XCA [37] is a graphical interface, and database. XCA uses OpenSSL for the underlying PKI operations. DogTag is a full featured CA developed and maintained as part of the Fedora Project.
The dominant method used for this purpose is to host a certificate revocation list (CRL) for download via the HTTP or LDAP protocols. To reduce the amount of network traffic required for certificate validation, the OCSP protocol may be used instead.
Self-signed certificates can be created for free, using a wide variety of tools including OpenSSL, Java's keytool, Adobe Reader, wolfSSL and Apple's Keychain. They are easy to customize; e.g, they can have larger key sizes or hold additional metadata.