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  2. Insular biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_biogeography

    Insular biogeography [1] or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities. The theory was originally developed to explain the pattern of the species–area relationship occurring in oceanic islands.

  3. Foster's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster's_rule

    Foster's rule, also known as the island rule or the island effect, is an ecogeographical rule in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. For example, it is known that pygmy mammoths evolved from normal mammoths on small islands.

  4. The Theory of Island Biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Island...

    The Theory of Island Biogeography is a 1967 book by the ecologist Robert MacArthur and the biologist Edward O. Wilson. [1] It is widely regarded as a seminal work in island biogeography and ecology. The Princeton University Press reprinted the book in 2001 as a part of the "Princeton Landmarks in Biology" series. [1]

  5. Island gigantism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_gigantism

    As opposed to island dwarfism, island gigantism is found in most major vertebrate groups and in invertebrates. Territorialism may favor the evolution of island gigantism. A study on Anaho Island in Nevada determined that reptile species that were territorial tended to be larger on the island compared to the mainland, particularly in the smaller ...

  6. Species–area relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species–area_relationship

    Frank W. Preston, an early investigator of the theory of the species–area relationship, divided it into two types: samples (a census of a contiguous habitat that grows in the census area, also called "mainland" species–area relationships), and isolates (a census of discontiguous habitats, such as islands, also called "island" species–area ...

  7. Biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography

    The application of island biogeography theory to habitat fragments spurred the development of the fields of conservation biology and landscape ecology. [ 24 ] Classic biogeography has been expanded by the development of molecular systematics , creating a new discipline known as phylogeography .

  8. SLOSS debate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLOSS_Debate

    In 1975, Jared Diamond suggested some "rules" for the design of protected areas, based on Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson's book The Theory of Island Biogeography.One of his suggestions was that a single large reserve was preferable to several smaller reserves whose total areas were equal to the larger.

  9. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.