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The territory of the United States, for the purposes of determining a person's period of residence, includes the fifty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, [118] specifically excluding residence in American Samoa, except for American Samoans seeking naturalization.
United States citizens have the right to enter and leave the United States freely. Certain non-citizens, such as permanent residents, have similar rights. Unlike permanent residents, United States citizens do not have an obligation to maintain residence in the United States – they can leave for any length of time and return freely at any time.
In the United States, permanent residents are issued a photo ID card which is known as a Permanent Resident Card (or simply as a "green card"). [ 59 ] [ 1 ] Federal law requires that the card be carried on the person at all times.
A green card, known officially as a permanent resident card, is an identity document which shows that a person has permanent residency in the United States. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Green card holders are formally known as lawful permanent residents ( LPRs ).
Internal Revenue Code Section 7701(a)(30) defines a US person as: [4] a citizen or resident of the United States (including a lawful permanent resident residing abroad who has not formally notified United States Citizenship and Immigration Services in order to abandon that status); [5] a domestic partnership; a domestic corporation;
The law of Canada divides people into three major groups: citizens, permanent residents, and foreign nationals. [4] Under Section 2 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection of Canada (IRPA), "foreign national means a person who is not a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident, and includes a stateless person."
Under United States Federal law (8 U.S.C. § 1401), a person is a United States national and citizen if: the person is born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof; the person is born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Inuit, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe (see Indian Citizenship Act of 1924)
legal alien — any foreign national who is permitted under the law to be in the host country. This is a very broad category which includes travel visa holders or foreign tourists, registered refugees, temporary residents, permanent residents, and those who have relinquished their citizenship and/or nationality. [7] Categories of legal alien ...