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In mathematics, Ramanujan's congruences are the congruences for the partition function p(n) discovered by Srinivasa Ramanujan: (+) (), (+) (), (+) ().In plain words, e.g., the first congruence means that If a number is 4 more than a multiple of 5, i.e. it is in the sequence
Srinivasa Ramanujan first discovered that the partition function has nontrivial patterns in modular arithmetic, now known as Ramanujan's congruences. For instance, whenever the decimal representation of n ends in the digit 4 or 9, the number of partitions of n will be divisible by 5.
It was presented in the context of a study of certain congruence properties of the partition function discovered by the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan. A different concept, sharing the same name, is used in combinatorics, where the rank is taken to be the size of the Durfee square of the partition.
The more general Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for holomorphic cusp forms in the theory of elliptic modular forms for congruence subgroups has a similar formulation, with exponent (k − 1)/2 where k is the weight of the form.
Srinivasa Ramanujan discovered that the partition function has nontrivial patterns in modular arithmetic, now known as Ramanujan's congruences. For instance, whenever the decimal representation of n {\displaystyle n} ends in the digit 4 or 9, the number of partitions of n {\displaystyle n} will be divisible by 5.
Let n be a non-negative integer and let p(n) denote the number of partitions of n (p(0) is defined to be 1).Srinivasa Ramanujan in a paper [3] published in 1918 stated and proved the following congruences for the partition function p(n), since known as Ramanujan congruences.
The initial idea is usually attributed to the work of Hardy with Srinivasa Ramanujan a few years earlier, in 1916 and 1917, on the asymptotics of the partition function.It was taken up by many other researchers, including Harold Davenport and I. M. Vinogradov, who modified the formulation slightly (moving from complex analysis to exponential sums), without changing the broad lines.
Congruence subgroup; Hecke operator; Cusp form; Eisenstein series; Modular curve; Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture; Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture; Automorphic form; Selberg trace formula; Artin conjecture; Sato–Tate conjecture; Langlands program; modularity theorem