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the Emperor, Empress and Dowager Empress of Russia Ваше Императорское Высочество: Vashe Imperatorskoye Vysochestvo: Your Imperial Highness: Grand Dukes and Grand Duchesses (i.e. Imperial children and grandchildren; from 1797 to 1886 the title applied to great- and great-great-grandchildren as well) Ваше ...
The ordinary tribunals, in their organization, personnel and procedure, were modelled very closely on those of France.From the town judge (), who, in spite of the principle laid down in 1864, combines judicial and administrative functions, an appeal lies (as in the case of the justices of the community) to an assembly of such judges; from these again there is an appeal to the district court ...
Although Nicholas gave Count Alexander Benckendorff, the first Head Controller of the Section, few specific instructions, the Emperor intended the Third Section to act as Russia's “moral and political guardian.” [2] Just as Russia had ambassadors to other nations keeping the Emperor apprised of political conditions abroad, Nicholas saw the ...
Born in 1754, [1] Paul was the son of Emperor Peter III and Catherine the Great. [2] Six months after Peter's accession, Catherine participated in a successful coup d'état against her husband; Peter was deposed and killed in prison. [3] During Catherine's reign, Russia was revitalized.
The emperor had charge over Russia's administrative and external affairs, [14] and sole power to declare war, make peace and negotiate treaties, [15] as well as the supreme command of the armed forces. [16] The emperor also retained authority over the minting of money, [17] as well as the right to grant pardons and quash judicial proceedings. [18]
First page of the oldest surviving copy of Russkaya Pravda (Vast edition) from Synodic Kormchaia of 1282 (). Kievan Rus' law [1] [2] [3] or law of Kievan Rus ', [4] also known as old Russian law [5] or early Russian law, [6] was a legal system in Kievan Rus' (since the 9th century), in later Rus' principalities, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 13th century. [7]
In 1772, her son and heir, Paul, turned eighteen. Paul and his adviser, Panin, believed he was the rightful tsar of Russia, as the only son of Peter III. His adviser had also taught him that the rule of women endangered good leadership, which was why he was so interested in gaining the throne.
The Grand Duke Paul, although proclaimed heir of the throne under his father Peter III in 1762, had been long denied succession by his mother Catherine II, who deposed (and possibly assassinated) his father later that year. Her long reign (1762-1796) was deemed by many of her contemporaries, and by Paul himself, as an usurpation.