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  2. Joint (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_(geology)

    Systematic joints are planar, parallel, joints that can be traced for some distance, and occur at regularly, evenly spaced distances on the order of centimeters, meters, tens of meters, or even hundreds of meters. As a result, they occur as families of joints that form recognizable joint sets.

  3. Columnar jointing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnar_jointing

    Columnar jointing is a geological structure where sets of intersecting closely spaced fractures, referred to as joints, result in the formation of a regular array of polygonal prisms (basalt prisms), or columns. Columnar jointing occurs in many types of igneous rocks and forms as the rock cools and contracts.

  4. Fracture (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology)

    Conjugate Joints occur when the joints intersect each other at angles significantly less than ninety degrees. Systematic Joints are joint systems in which all the joints are parallel or subparallel, and maintain roughly the same spacing from each other. Columnar Joints are joints that cut the formation vertically in (typically) hexagonal ...

  5. Tessellated pavement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellated_pavement

    In geology and geomorphology, a tessellated pavement is a relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into polygons by fractures, frequently systematic joints, within the rock. This type of rock pavement bears this name because it is fractured into polygonal blocks that resemble tiles of a mosaic floor, or tessellations. [1]

  6. Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discontinuity...

    In geotechnical engineering, a discontinuity (often referred to as a joint) is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding , schistosity , foliation , joint , cleavage , fracture , fissure , crack, or fault plane.

  7. List of places with columnar jointed volcanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_with...

    Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.

  8. Structural geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_geology

    Structural geology is a critical part of engineering geology, which is concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of natural rocks. Structural fabrics and defects such as faults, folds, foliations and joints are internal weaknesses of rocks which may affect the stability of human engineered structures such as dams , road cuts, open ...

  9. Fin (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_(geology)

    A fin is a geological formation that is a narrow, residual wall of hard sedimentary rock that remains standing after surrounding rock has been eroded away along parallel joints or fractures. Fins are formed when a narrow butte or plateau develops many vertical, parallel cracks.