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These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube; [1] [2] after the closure of the tube around the 4th week of development, they are known as the optic vesicles. Previous studies of optic vesicles suggest that the surrounding extraocular tissues – the surface ectoderm and extraocular mesenchyme ...
The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk. [1] [2] Closure of the choroidal fissure in the optic stalk occurs during the seventh week of development. The former optic stalk is then called the optic ...
The optic vesicles then develop into the optic cup with the inner layer forming the retina and the outer portion forming the retinal pigment epithelium. The middle portion of the optic cup develops into the ciliary body and iris. [7] During the invagination of the optic cup, the ectoderm begins to thicken and form the lens placode, which ...
PAX6 is essential is the formation of the retina, lens and cornea due to its role in early cell determination when forming precursors of these structures such as the optic vesicle and overlying surface ectoderm. [20]
(B) Optic vesicles bilaterally protrude from either side of the forebrain approaching the thickened surface ectoderm (lens placodes). (C) The interaction between the optic vesicle and the lens placode of the surface ectoderm results in optic vesicle invagination, optic cup formation and lens placode evagination (lens pit).
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After closure, the neural tube forms a basal or floor plate and a roof or alar plate in response to the combined effects of SHH and factors including BMP4 secreted by the roof plate. The basal plate forms most of the ventral portion of the nervous system, including the motor portion of the spinal cord and brain stem; the alar plate forms the ...
Each week during the 2024-25 NBA season, we will take a deeper dive into some of the league’s biggest storylines in an attempt to determine whether trends are based more in fact or fiction ...