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The original list of IPv4 address blocks was published in September 1981. [3] In previous versions of the document, [19] [20] network numbers were 8-bit numbers rather than the 32-bit numbers used in IPv4. At that time, three networks were added that were not listed earlier: 42.rrr.rrr.rrr, 43.rrr.rrr.rrr, and 44.rrr.rrr.rrr.
For example, the quad-dotted IP address in the illustration (172.16.254.1) represents the 32-bit decimal number 2886794753, which in hexadecimal format is 0xAC10FE01. CIDR notation combines the address with its routing prefix in a compact format, in which the address is followed by a slash character (/) and the count of leading consecutive 1 ...
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification , and location addressing .
8 MR 9 MINFO 14 MAILB 253 WKS 11 RFC 883, RFC 1035 Declared as "not to be relied upon" by RFC 1123 (more in RFC 1127). Record to describe well-known services supported by a host. Not used in practice. The current recommendation and practice is to determine whether a service is supported on an IP address by trying to connect to it.
Versions 2 and 3 supported variable-length addresses ranging between 1 and 16 octets (between 8 and 128 bits). [8] An early draft of version 4 supported variable-length addresses of up to 256 octets (up to 2048 bits) [9] but this was later abandoned in favor of a fixed-size 32-bit address in the final version of IPv4.
IP addresses in dot-decimal notation are also presented in CIDR notation, in which the IP address is suffixed with a slash and a number, used to specify the length of the associated routing prefix. For example, 127.0.0.1/8 specifies that the IP address has an eight-bit routing prefix, and therefore the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 .
CIDR notation can even be used with no IP address at all, e.g. when referring to a / 24 as a generic description of an IPv4 network that has a 24-bit prefix and 8-bit host numbers. For example: 198.51.100.14 / 24 represents the IPv4 address 198.51.100.14 and its associated network prefix 198.51.100.0 , or equivalently, its subnet mask 255.255 ...
The IPv6 address specification 2001:db8:: / 32 is a large address block with 2 96 addresses, having a 32-bit routing prefix. For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask or netmask , which is the bitmask that, when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix.