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The lemon, like many other cultivated Citrus species, is a hybrid, in its case of the citron and the bitter orange. [5] [6] The lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. [6] Taxonomic illustration by Franz Eugen Köhler, 1897 . Lemons were most likely first grown in northeast India. [7] The origin of the word lemon may be Middle ...
Places, where crops were initially domesticated, are called centers of origin. This is a list of plants that have been domesticated by humans . The list includes individual plant species identified by their common names as well as larger formal and informal botanical categories which include at least some domesticated individuals.
Lemons, pomelos, and sour oranges were introduced to the Mediterranean by Arab traders around the 10th century CE. Sweet oranges were brought to Europe by the Genoese and Portuguese from Asia during the 15th to 16th century. Mandarins were not introduced until the 19th century. [17] [18] [19] Oranges were introduced to Florida by Spanish colonists.
Initially, many citrus types were identified and named by individual taxonomists, resulting in a large number of identified species: 870 by a 1969 count. [18] Some order was brought to citrus taxonomy by two unified classification schemes, those of Chōzaburō Tanaka and Walter Tennyson Swingle, that can be viewed as extreme alternative visions of the genus.
They were spread throughout the world via migration and trade. The makrut lime , in particular, was one of the earliest citrus fruits introduced to other parts of the world by humans. They were spread into Micronesia and Polynesia via the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE). [ 10 ]
Edible fruits in particular have long propagated using the movements of humans and other animals in a symbiotic relationship that is the means for seed dispersal for the one group and nutrition for the other; humans, and many other animals, have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. [1]
Humans have traded useful plants from distant lands for centuries, and plant hunters have been sent to bring plants back for cultivation. Human agriculture has had two important results: the plants most favoured by humans came to be grown in many places and (2) gardens and farms have provided some opportunities for plants to interbreed that would not have been possible for their wild ancestors.
The citron (Citrus medica), historically cedrate, [4] is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind.It is said to resemble a 'huge, rough lemon'. [5] It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. [6]