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Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy), Germany (a federal parliamentary republic), France (a unitary semi-presidential republic), and the United States (a federal presidential republic). [2]
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Prior to the American Revolution in what is now the United States—and before the coming of age of the "crowned republics" of constitutional monarchies in the United Kingdom and other European countries—democracy and republic were "used more or less interchangeably", [6] and the concepts associated with representative democracy and hence ...
First Brazilian Republic (1894–1930) Democracy: Democracy, meaning "rule of the people", is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a parliament. Democracy is sometimes referred to as "rule of the majority".
A distinct set of definitions of the term "republic" evolved in the United States, where the term is often equated with "representative democracy." This narrower understanding of the term was originally developed by James Madison [ 75 ] [ 76 ] and notably employed in Federalist Paper No. 10 .
Semi-direct democracy – representative democracy with instruments, elements, and/or features of direct democracy. Sociocracy – a democratic system of governance based on consent decision making, circle organization, subsidiarity, and double-linked representation. Socialist democracy – a political system which aligns socialism with democracy.
Semi-presidential republic 2000 [note 3] Direct election, by second-round system Unicameral Georgia: Representative Democracy Governed as a Unitary Parliamentary Republic. 1921 Direct election, led by a group of people called “parliaments” Bicameral Greece: Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy: 1975 Parliament, by majority Unicameral
The first parliaments date back to Europe in the Middle Ages. The earliest example of a parliament is disputed, especially depending how the term is defined. For example, the Icelandic Althing consisting of prominent individuals among the free landowners of the various districts of the Icelandic Commonwealth first gathered around the year 930 (it conducted its business orally, with no written ...