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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
The pain is agitated by expansion and contraction of the chest. Taking a deep breath and allowing the rib cage to fully expand can relieve the pain, however it will feel unpleasant initially. At the point of full expansion, it can feel like a rubber band snap in the chest, after which the initial pain subsides.
Pain, tenderness, and discomfort in upper abdomen, chest, and throat. [1] ... It is caused by inflammation of the junction between the sternum and xiphoid process. [2]
Physical examination consists of gentle pressure to the chest wall with a single finger to identify the location of the discomfort. [2] Swelling and tenderness upon palpation at one or more of the costochondral , sternocostal , or sternoclavicular joints, is a distinctive trait of Tietze syndrome and is considered a positive diagnosis when found.
Sharp, pleuritic, retro-sternal (under the sternum) or left precordial (left chest) pain Crushing, pressure-like, heavy pain. Described as "elephant on the chest." Radiation Pain radiates to the trapezius ridge (to the lowest portion of the scapula on the back) or no radiation. Pain radiates to the jaw or left arm, or does not radiate. Exertion
The defining symptom of pleurisy is a sudden sharp, stabbing, burning or dull pain in the right or left side of the chest during breathing, especially when one inhales and exhales. [9] It feels worse with deep breathing, coughing , sneezing , or laughing .
Signs and symptoms of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema vary based on the cause, but it is often associated with swelling of the neck and chest pain, and may also involve sore throat, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, wheezing and difficulty breathing. [5] Chest X-rays may show air in the mediastinum, the middle of the chest cavity. [5]
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain. [1]It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms.