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Aluminium powder and potassium perchlorate are the only two components of the pyrotechnic industry standard flash powder. It provides a great balance of stability and power, and is the composition used in most commercial exploding fireworks. The balanced equation for the reaction is:- 3 KClO 4 + 8 Al → 3 KCl + 4 Al 2 O 3
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride. This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C). [8]
In contact with potassium nitrate (e.g. in black powder) produces potassium perchlorate and hygroscopic ammonium nitrate; no such reaction with sodium nitrate. Reacts with potassium chlorate, producing unstable, gradually decomposing ammonium chlorate; such combination has to be avoided. [1] Nitronium perchlorate
Another common igniter formula is BPN, BKNO3, or boron – potassium nitrate, a mixture of 25% boron and 75% potassium nitrate by weight. It is used e.g. by NASA . It is thermally stable, stable in vacuum, and its burn rate is independent of pressure.
The key reaction is: [8] 2 NaClO 3 → 2 NaCl + 3 O 2. Potassium and lithium chlorate, and sodium, potassium and lithium perchlorates can also be used in oxygen candles. In the Vika oxygen generator used on some spacecraft, lithium perchlorate is the source of oxygen. At 400 °C (750 °F), it releases 60% of its weight as oxygen: [9]
Alternatively, potassium perchlorate reacts with excess fluorosulfuric acid to give potassium bisulfate and perchloryl fluoride: [8] KClO 4 + HFSO 3 → KHSO 4 + FClO 3. ClO 3 F reacts with alcohols to produce alkyl perchlorates, which are extremely shock-sensitive explosives. [9] In the presence of a Lewis acid, it can be used for introducing ...
With further heating, potassium perchlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen: KClO 4 → KCl + 2 O 2. The safe performance of this reaction requires very pure reagents and careful temperature control. Molten potassium chlorate is an extremely powerful oxidizer and spontaneously reacts with many common materials such as sugar.
The liquid potassium chlorate decomposes into potassium perchlorate and potassium chloride. 4 KClO 3 → KCl + 3 KClO 4. The potassium perchlorate decomposes into potassium chloride and oxygen. KClO 4 → KCl + 2 O 2. The sugar in the candy reacts with oxygen, forming water and carbon dioxide. The reaction is exothermic and produces heat, smoke ...