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Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (French: le Désiré), [1] [2] was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815.
Allegory of the Return of the Bourbons on 24 April 1814 : Louis XVIII Lifting France from Its Ruins by Louis-Philippe Crépin. King Louis XVIII made a triumphal return to Paris on 3 May 1814, accompanied by members of the provisional Council of State, commissaires of the ministerial departments, Marshals of France, and generals.
A charter is a document defining the responsibilities of actors of the French state (the king and the two chambers). In his Souvenirs de 1814, Louis-Philippe claimed that Louis XVIII did not conceive the charter as a new fundamental law of the French Kingdom – for those were still in place and could not be changed – but rather as a document stating the replacement of the Estates General ...
The new King, Louis XVIII, accepted the vast majority of reforms instituted from 1792 to 1814. Continuity was his basic policy. He did not try to recover land and property taken from the émigrés. He continued in peaceful fashion the main objectives of Napoleon's foreign policy, such as the limitation of Austrian influence.
Louis XVIII failed to reassure the entire French population, leading some to hope for a return of the Empire.. That Napoleon should have sought to return to France is hardly extraordinary, since at the beginning of 1815 there was still a mass of Bonapartist opinion in the country, known to the authorities and the king himself from the moment he came to power. [1]
First Restoration: The House of Bourbon was briefly restored with Louis XVIII as King of France in an intermediate period of the Napoleonic Wars. 1815: 21 January: The transfer of the coffins of King Louis XVI of France and his wife, Marie Antoinette, to the church St. Denis in Paris. 26 February: Hundred Days: Napoleon escapes from Elba. 7 March
The monarchy would be restored under his younger brother, the Count of Provence, who took the name Louis XVIII in consideration of the dynastic seniority of his nephew, "Louis XVII," from 1793 to 1795 (the child never actually reigned). Louis XVIII died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the Count of Artois, as Charles X in 1824.
The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]), [3] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).