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M with vertical line below and grave: M̩̓ m̩̓: M with vertical line below and comma above: M̯ m̯: M with inverted breve below: IPA and other phonetic alphabets ᶆ M with palatal hook m̢: M with retroflex hook Ɱ ɱ ᶬ M with hook: Labiodental nasal: ᴍ̇: Small capital M with dot above: ᴍ̣: Small capital M with dot below: Ǹ ǹ: N ...
2. Double factorial: if n is a positive integer, n!! is the product of all positive integers up to n with the same parity as n, and is read as "the double factorial of n". 3. Subfactorial: if n is a positive integer, !n is the number of derangements of a set of n elements, and is read as "the subfactorial of n". *
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
Latin Small Letter M with acute U+1E40 Ṁ Latin Capital Letter M with dot above 0653 ISO 8859-14: U+1E41 ṁ Latin Small Letter M with dot above 0654 U+1E42 Ṃ Latin Capital Letter M with dot below U+1E43 ṃ Latin Small Letter M with dot below U+1E44 Ṅ Latin Capital Letter N with dot above: U+1E45 ṅ Latin Small Letter N with dot above U+1E46
The letters in various fonts often have specific, fixed meanings in particular areas of mathematics. By providing uniformity over numerous mathematical articles and books, these conventions help to read mathematical formulas. These also may be used to differentiate between concepts that share a letter in a single problem.
The lists and tables below summarize and compare the letter inventories of some of the Latin-script alphabets.In this article, the scope of the word "alphabet" is broadened to include letters with tone marks, and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions, without regard to whether or how they are sequenced in their alphabet or the table.
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The lowercase letters o, s, x, and z are rotationally symmetric, while pairs such as b/q, d/p, n/u, and in some typefaces a/e, h/y and m/w, are rotations of each other. Among the lowercase letters "l" is unique since its symmetry is broken if it is close to a reference character which establishes a clear x-height. When rotated around the middle ...