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Gerardus Mercator (/ dʒ ɪ ˈ r ɑːr d ə s m ɜːr ˈ k eɪ t ər /; [a] [b] [c] 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) [d] was a Flemish geographer, cosmographer and cartographer.He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts.
Mercator's 1569 map was a large planisphere, [3] i.e. a projection of the spherical Earth onto the plane. It was printed in eighteen separate sheets from copper plates engraved by Mercator himself. [4]
The Mercator projection (/ m ər ˈ k eɪ t ər /) is a conformal cylindrical map projection first presented by Flemish geographer and mapmaker Gerardus Mercator in 1569. In the 18th century, it became the standard map projection for navigation due to its property of representing rhumb lines as straight lines.
Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator created a world map that used consistently spaced longitude lines with variably wide latitude lines. This method of cartography, which is still in use on ...
Detail from Gerardus Mercator's map of the Arctic (c. 1620 edition), showing the Rupes Nigra at the North Pole ('POLVS ARCTICVS'), surrounded by four large islands. The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock"), a phantom island, was believed to be a black rock located at the Magnetic North Pole or at the geographic North Pole itself.
Description: Mercator's 1595 map of the Arctic. Mercator, Gerhard, 1512-1594. "Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio" [1595]. First state, from his posthumously published atlas, Atlantis pars altera.
Mercator's map from 1595 showing the mythical Arctic continent, with the "Rupes nigra et altissima" ('black and highest rock') at its centre. The Rock is the site of the North Pole, captioned as the POLVS ARCTICVS. Gerardus Mercator's world map of 1569 reflects his reading of Cnoyen's Itinerarium.
Known as the Mercator projection, after the cartographer Gerardus Mercator, who first conceived of it in 1569, it’s ubiquitous in classrooms around the world. The map demands authority. You can read latitude and longitude lines and see precisely how many miles have been squeezed into an inch.
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