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Muscle pains, weakness, vomiting, confusion, tea-colored urine, irregular heartbeat [3] [4] Complications: Kidney failure, high blood potassium, low blood calcium, disseminated intravascular coagulation, compartment syndrome [3] Causes: Crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, substance use, certain infections [3] Diagnostic method
Most muscle cramps subside within seconds to minutes, although soreness related to the cramps can sometimes last hours to days, per Mayo Clinic. Noted: Building muscle requires a higher protein ...
Quinine has not been shown to reduce the duration (length) of a muscle cramp. [6] Quinine treatment may lead to hematologic and cardiac toxicity. Due to its low effectiveness and negative side effects, its use as a medication for treating muscle cramps is not recommended by the FDA. [26] Magnesium is commonly used to treat muscle cramps.
Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness, or numbness. [1] [2] Hyperkalemia can cause an abnormal heart rhythm which can result in cardiac arrest and death. [1] [3] Common causes of hyperkalemia include kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, and rhabdomyolysis. [1]
Overall treatment depends on preventing kidney failure (renal failure) which is done by rehydrating the patient. It also depends on making urine have a more basic pH (alkalinization of urine). [11] Crush syndrome progression (MC most common,# fracture, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, RTN renal tubular necrosis).
Kidney failure can be divided into two categories: acute kidney failure or chronic kidney failure. The type of renal failure is differentiated by the trend in the serum creatinine ; other factors that may help differentiate acute kidney failure from chronic kidney failure include anemia and the kidney size on sonography as chronic kidney ...
Severe hypokalemia, with serum potassium concentrations of 2.5–3 meq/L (Nl: 3.5–5.0 meq/L), may cause muscle weakness, myalgia, tremor, and muscle cramps (owing to disturbed function of skeletal muscle), and constipation (from disturbed function of smooth muscle). With more severe hypokalemia, flaccid paralysis and hyporeflexia may result.
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching of a muscle, a joint, or a group of muscles, different from clonus, which is rhythmic or regular. Myoclonus (myo-"muscle", clonus "spasm") describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease.