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  2. Esophageal varices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_varices

    Axial CT showing esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension Dilated submucosal veins are the most prominent histologic feature of esophageal varices. The expansion of the submucosa leads to elevation of the mucosa above the surrounding tissue, which is apparent during endoscopy and is a key diagnostic feature.

  3. Cirrhosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis

    Cirrhosis may be suspected from laboratory findings, physical exam, ... is performed in cases of established cirrhosis. If esophageal varices are found, ...

  4. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transjugular_intrahepatic...

    TIPS is a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. A randomized study showed that the survival is better if the procedure is done within 72 hours after bleeding. [2] TIPS has shown some promise for people with hepatorenal syndrome. [3] It may also help with ascites. [4]

  5. Hepatorenal syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome

    Bleeding from esophageal varices can be a precipitant for hepatorenal syndrome in individuals with cirrhosis, and can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. The risk of death in hepatorenal syndrome is very high; consequently, there is a significant emphasis on the identification of patients who are at risk for HRS, and prevention of ...

  6. Portal hypertensive gastropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_hypertensive_gastro...

    Patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy may experience bleeding from the stomach, which may uncommonly manifest itself in vomiting blood or melena; however, portal hypertension may cause several other more common sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such as esophageal varices and gastric varices. On endoscopic evaluation of the ...

  7. Alcoholic hepatitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis

    This causes many of the sequelae of chronic liver disease including esophageal varices (with associated variceal bleeding), ascites and splenomegaly. The chronic inflammation seen in alcoholic hepatitis also leads to impaired hepatocyte differentiation, impairments in hepatocyte regeneration and hepatocyte de-differentiation into cholangiocyte ...

  8. Sengstaken–Blakemore tube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengstaken–Blakemore_tube

    The esophageal balloon should not remain inflated for more than six hours, to avoid necrosis. The gastric lumen is used to aspirate stomach contents. [citation needed] Generally, Sengstaken–Blakemore tubes and Minnesota tubes are used only in emergencies where bleeding from presumed varices is impossible to control with medication alone.

  9. Sugiura procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugiura_Procedure

    The Sugiura procedure was originally developed to treat bleeding esophageal varices and consisted mainly of an esophagogastric devascularization. It was developed in Japan in 1973 [ 1 ] as a nonshunting technique that achieved variceal bleeding hemostasis by interrupting the variceal blood flow along the gastroesophageal junction.

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