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The nines' complement of a decimal digit is the number that must be added to it to produce 9; the nines' complement of 3 is 6, the nines' complement of 7 is 2, and so on, see table. To form the nines' complement of a larger number, each digit is replaced by its nines' complement.
The Hallade method, devised by Frenchman Emile Hallade, is a method used in track geometry for surveying, designing and setting out curves in railway track. [1] It involves measuring the offset of a string line from the outside of a curve at the central point of a chord. In reality, string is too thick to provide a clear reading and breaks ...
In geometry and combinatorics, an arrangement of hyperplanes is an arrangement of a finite set A of hyperplanes in a linear, affine, or projective space S.Questions about a hyperplane arrangement A generally concern geometrical, topological, or other properties of the complement, M(A), which is the set that remains when the hyperplanes are removed from the whole space.
In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and functional analysis, the orthogonal complement of a subspace of a vector space equipped with a bilinear form is the set of all vectors in that are orthogonal to every vector in .
If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...
The complement of an edgeless graph is a complete graph and vice versa. Any induced subgraph of the complement graph of a graph G is the complement of the corresponding induced subgraph in G. An independent set in a graph is a clique in the complement graph and vice versa. This is a special case of the previous two properties, as an independent ...
The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".
The Lambek–Moser theorem is a mathematical description of partitions of the natural numbers into two complementary sets.For instance, it applies to the partition of numbers into even and odd, or into prime and non-prime (one and the composite numbers).
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