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Indus Molasse, a continental clastic rock sequence (with rare interbeds of marine saltwater sediments) comprising alluvial fan, braided stream and fluvio-lacustrine sediments derived mainly from the Ladakh batholith but also from the suture zone itself and the Tethys Himalaya. These molasses are post-collisional and thus Eocene to post-Eocene.
The Plains get their names from the rivers Ganges and Indus. The alluvial plains of the Indo-Gangetic Basin evolved as a foreland basin in the southern part of the rising Himalaya, before breaking up along a series of steep faults known as the Himalayan Frontal Fault [6] or the Main Frontal Thrust. [7]
Indian rhinoceros in the Terai. Above the alluvial plain lies the Terai strip, a seasonally marshy zone of sand and clay soils. The Terai has higher rainfall than the plains, and the downward-rushing rivers of the Himalaya slow down and spread out in the flatter Terai zone, depositing fertile silt during the monsoon season and receding in the dry season.
Bhabar plains are located in Kumaon and Garhwal. Bhabar is the gently-sloping coarse alluvial zone below the Sivalik Hills (outermost foothills of the Himalayas ) where streams disappear into permeable sediments .
Since uplift and erosion are more or less in equilibrium in the Himalaya, at least where the climate is humid, [14] rapid uplift must be balanced out by annual increments of millions tonnes of sediments washing down from the mountains; then on the plains settling out of suspension on vast alluvial fans over which rivers meander and change ...
The basin can be divided into two wide physiographic divisions: the upper basin consisting of the mountainous regions of the Himalaya, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Shiwalik, Suleiman, and Kirthar ranges; and the lower basin consisting of the Indus Plains including the alluvial plains of the Punjab and Sindh. [3]
The Indo-Gangetic Plain represents a recent, active foreland basin which comprises alluvial sediments derived from the Himalaya. [10] The Sub-Himalayan Sequence mainly represents sediments deposited in the foreland basin during Miocene time. The Lesser Himalayan Sequence is a unit emplaced before the mountain-building processes. [3]
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ ˌ h ɪ m ə ˈ l eɪ. ə, h ɪ ˈ m ɑː l ə j ə / HIM-ə-LAY-ə, hih-MAH-lə-yə) [b] is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has several peaks exceeding an elevation of 8,000 m (26,000 ft) including Mount Everest, the highest mountain on ...