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  2. Muscles of mastication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_of_mastication

    The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).

  3. Chewing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing

    Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by the teeth. It is the first step in the process of digestion, allowing a greater surface area for digestive enzymes to break down the foods. During the mastication process, the food is positioned by the cheek and tongue between the teeth for grinding.

  4. Masseter muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masseter_muscle

    In anatomy, the masseter [help 1] is one of the muscles of mastication. Found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. [5] The most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it is the most superficial and one of the strongest.

  5. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line.

  6. Masticatory force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masticatory_force

    Masticatory force or force of mastication is the force created by the dynamic action of the masticatory ... He determined that periodontal tissue is an important ...

  7. Digestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion

    After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

  8. Temporalis muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporalis_muscle

    In anatomy, the temporalis muscle, also known as the temporal muscle, is one of the muscles of mastication (chewing). It is a broad, fan-shaped convergent muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch so it covers much of the temporal bone. [1] Temporal refers to the head's temples.

  9. Medial pterygoid muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_muscle

    The medial pterygoid muscle has functions including elevating the mandible (closing the mouth), protruding the mandible, mastication (especially for when the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth are close together), [1] and excursing the mandible (contralateral excursion occurs with unilateral contraction).