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Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, a subset of Earth system science, that takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology.
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Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, that focuses on the study, development and organization of ecological systems, or ecosystems. Systems ecology seeks a holistic view of the interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, including the role of humans. Scientists in the field of systems ...
John Polk Allen (born May 6, 1929, Carnegie, Oklahoma) [1] is a systems ecologist, engineer, metallurgist, adventurer, and writer. [2] Allen is a proponent of the science of biospherics and a pioneer in sustainable co-evolutionary development.
The word ecology (German: Ökologie) was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel. The science of ecology as we know it today began with a group of American botanists in the 1890s. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection are cornerstones of modern ecological theory.
The term nature-based solutions was put forward by practitioners in the late 2000s. At that time it was used by international organisations such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the World Bank in the context of finding new solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change effects by working with natural ecosystems rather than relying purely on engineering interventions.
Definitions based on ecology describe the microbiome following the concepts derived from the ecology of multicellular organisms. The main issue here is that the theories from the macro-ecology do not always fit the rules in the microbial world. "A convenient ecological framework in which to examine biocontrol systems is that of the microbiome.
This study examines the role of ecological threat in shaping the U.S. environmental movement. … Declines in wildlife populations are associated with the foundings of wildlife and wilderness protection organizations while increases in air pollution are associated with the foundings of organizations focused on ecosystem well-being and public ...