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Subarachnoid hemorrhage may also occur in people who have had a head injury. Symptoms may include headache, decreased level of consciousness and hemiparesis (weakness of one side of the body). SAH is a frequent occurrence in traumatic brain injury and carries a poor prognosis if it is associated with deterioration in the level of consciousness ...
The Hunt and Hess scale, introduced in 1968, is one of the grading systems used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage based on the patient's clinical condition. It is used as a predictor of patient's prognosis/outcome, with a higher grade correlating to lower survival rate.
The mortality rate is higher than that of epidural hematomas and diffuse brain injuries because the force required to cause subdural hematomas tends to cause other severe injuries as well. [24] Chronic subdural bleeds develop over a period of days to weeks, often after minor head trauma, though a cause is not identifiable in 50% of patients. [11]
Trauma is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage. It can cause epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Other condition such as hemorrhagic parenchymal contusion and cerebral microhemorrhages can also be caused by trauma. [3]
Subarachnoid hemorrhage approximately doubles mortality. [142] Subdural hematoma is associated with worse outcome and increased mortality, while people with epidural hematoma are expected to have a good outcome if they receive surgery quickly. [76] Diffuse axonal injury may be associated with coma when severe, and poor outcome. [10]
Prognosis is very poor when IVH results from intracerebral hemorrhage related to high blood pressure and is even worse when hydrocephalus follows. [1] It can result in dangerous increases in ICP and can cause potentially fatal brain herniation. [1] Even independently, IVH can cause morbidity and mortality.
In the presence of second-impact syndrome, the mortality rate is at best 50% when diffuse cerebral swelling occurs. [44] In part due to the poor documentation of the initial injury and continuing symptoms in recorded cases, [23] some professionals think that the condition is over-diagnosed, [1] and some doubt the validity of the diagnosis ...
Cerebral vasospasm is a common and severe complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, occurring in 50-90% of cases after aneurysm rupture. Moderate or severe vasospasm in one or more cerebral arteries develops in approximately two-thirds of patients with ruptured aneurysms .