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Remittances, defined as monetary transfers made by migrants to their home countries, play a crucial role in global economies and the livelihoods of individuals and families. In some countries, remittances account for more than 30% of the total economic output.
India is the world's top receiver of remittances, claiming more than 12% of the world's remittances in 2015. [29] [30] Indians living overseas are the world's largest diaspora. As per the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), remittance is received from the approximately 35 million members of the Indian diaspora. [31]
In the first four years of the twenty-first century, Pakistan's KSE 100 Index was declared the best-performing stock market index in the world by the international magazine "Business Week". [47] [citation needed] The stock market capitalization of listed companies in Pakistan was valued at $5,937 million in 2005 by the World Bank. [48]
The World Bank was created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The president of the World Bank is traditionally an American. [12] The World Bank and the IMF are both based in Washington, D.C., and work closely with each other.
Despite the above noted limitations and concerns recent econometric research looking at how reliable some of these indicators are, vis-a-vis data collected from natural experiments and other observational surveys, have actually concluded that the Good Governance Indicators do in fact seem to be measuring, albeit imperfectly, levels of corruption and government effectiveness. [9]
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) (Urdu: بینک دولت پاکستان) is the central bank of Pakistan. Its Constitution , as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, remained basically unchanged until 1 January 1974, when the bank was nationalised and the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged.
After independence, the State Bank of Pakistan was established as the central bank of the country, with its headquarters in Karachi. Prior to independence, the Reserve Bank of India acted as the central bank for what became Pakistan. Under pressure from the International Monetary Fund, Pakistan implemented economic reforms in the late 1990s. [1]
Remittances to Bangladesh are money transfers (remittances) sent by the Bangladeshi diaspora to Bangladesh. According to the World Bank , Bangladesh is the 7th highest recipient of remittances in the world [ 1 ] with almost $22.1 billion in 2021 and was the third highest recipient of remittances in South Asia . [ 2 ]