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A 1983 review by the National Academy of Sciences endorsed the Swedish nuclear waste program’s estimate that isolation of waste might be necessary for up to one million years. [21] The land-based subductive waste disposal method proposes disposing of nuclear waste in a subduction zone accessible from land. This method is not restricted by ...
The capsule (Swedish version). KBS-3 (an abbreviation of kärnbränslesäkerhet, nuclear fuel safety) is a technology for disposal of high-level radioactive waste developed in Sweden by Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) by appointment from Statens Strålskyddsinstitut (the government's radiation protection agency).
High-level waste is the highly radioactive waste material resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in sufficient concentrations; and other highly radioactive material that is determined, consistent with existing law, to require permanent ...
This method has been described as the most viable means of disposing of radioactive waste, [91] and as the state-of-the-art as of 2001 in nuclear waste disposal technology. [ 92 ] Another approach termed Remix & Return [ 93 ] would blend high-level waste with uranium mine and mill tailings down to the level of the original radioactivity of the ...
Deep borehole disposal (DBD) is the concept of disposing high-level radioactive waste from nuclear reactors in extremely deep boreholes instead of in more traditional deep geological repositories that are excavated like mines. Deep borehole disposal seeks to place the waste as much as five kilometres (3 mi) beneath the surface of the Earth and ...
A rebuild of the ventilation system at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant was delayed by three years and increased in cost by $200 million. Nuclear waste managers explain cost increases as disposal ...
Radioactive waste that remains after the decommissioning is either moved to an on-site storage facility where it is still under control of the owner, or moved to a dry cask storage or disposal facility at another location. The final disposal of nuclear waste from past and future decommissioning is a growing still unsolved problem.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act did not require anything approaching this standard for permanent deep-geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the United States. U.S. Department of Energy guidelines for selecting locations for permanent deep-geologic high-level radioactive waste repositories required containment of waste within waste ...