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12. “The law is reason, free from passion.” 13. “The aim of the wise is not to secure pleasure, but to avoid pain.” 14. “We can do noble acts without ruling the earth and sea.”
The law of identity: 'Whatever is, is.' [2]. For all a: a = a. Regarding this law, Aristotle wrote: First then this at least is obviously true, that the word "be" or "not be" has a definite meaning, so that not everything will be "so and not so".
[2] From this, Aristotle defines natural slavery in two phases. The first is the natural slave's existence and characteristics. The second is the natural slave in society and in interaction with their master. According to Aristotle, natural slaves' main features include being pieces of property, tools for actions, and belonging to others. [3]
An unjust law is no law at all (Latin: lex iniusta non est lex) is an expression in support of natural law, acknowledging that authority is not legitimate unless it is good and right. It has become a standard legal maxim around the world. This view is strongly associated with natural law theorists, including John Finnis and Lon Fuller. [1]
Aristotle notes that Plato does require a mixed constitution. However, he points out that Plato does not represent any element of a monarchy. In Aristotle's view, Plato's democratic portion is not profitable, while the oligarchical dominates. [12] Aristotle's examination of the Laws shaped large portions of Books 7 and 8 of his Politics. [13]
The best evidence of Aristotle's having thought there is a natural law is in the Rhetoric, where Aristotle notes that, aside from the "particular" laws that each people has set up for itself, there is a "common" law that is according to nature. [26] [edition needed] Specifically, he quotes Sophocles and Empedocles: Universal law is the law of ...
Aristotle wrote: "It is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens." The term rule of law is closely related to constitutionalism as well as Rechtsstaat. It refers to a political situation, not to any specific legal rule. [7] [8] [9] Distinct is the rule of man, where one person or group of persons rule arbitrarily. [10]
Aristotle also claims that the right course of action depends upon the details of a particular situation, rather than being generated merely by applying a law. The type of wisdom which is required for this is called "prudence" or "practical wisdom" (Greek phronesis ), as opposed to the wisdom of a theoretical philosopher (Greek sophia ).