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American astronaut Marsha Ivins demonstrates the effects of microgravity on her hair in space. The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. [1] Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). [2]
Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary missions. Although robotic spacecraft have landed on Mars , plans have also been discussed for a human expedition , perhaps in the 2030s, [ 1 ] for a return mission.
effects on biological damage related to differences between space radiation and x-rays; dependence of risk on dose-rates in space related to the biology of DNA repair, cell regulation and tissue responses; predicting solar particle events (SPEs) extrapolation from experimental data to humans and between human populations
Even before the very beginning of human space exploration, serious and reasonable concerns were expressed about exposure of humans to the microgravity of space due to the potential systemic effects on terrestrially evolved life forms adapted to Earth gravity. Unloading of skeletal muscle, both on Earth via bed-rest experiments and during ...
Space adaptation syndrome; NASA astronauts acclimating themselves to space adaptation syndrome in a KC-135 airplane that flies parabolic arcs to create short periods of weightlessness. [1] In about two thirds of the passengers, these flights produce nausea, [2] [3] giving the plane its nickname "vomit comet". Specialty: Space medicine Prevalence
The mission supported the NASA Twins study, which helps shed light on the health effects of long-duration spaceflight. [11] The goal aboard the orbiting laboratory was to understand better how the human body reacts and adapts to the harsh environment of space. [9] Data from the mission was used to improve assessments of crew performance and health.
Knowledge of the effects of gravity on CNS functions in humans, as well as elucidation of the basic mechanisms by which these effects occur, will be of direct benefit to understanding the impact of, and providing countermeasures for, long-term exposure of humans to the weightlessness of spaceflight and the partial gravity of Moon and Mars bases.
Spaceflight osteopenia refers to the characteristic bone loss that occurs during spaceflight. Astronauts lose an average of more than 1% bone mass per month spent in space . [ 1 ] There is concern that during long-duration flights, excessive bone loss and the associated increase in serum calcium ion levels will interfere with execution of ...