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  2. Double bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bond

    In a skeletal formula, a double bond is drawn as two parallel lines (=) between the two connected atoms; typographically, the equals sign is used for this. [1] [2] Double bonds were introduced in chemical notation by Russian chemist Alexander Butlerov. [citation needed] Double bonds involving carbon are stronger and shorter than single bonds.

  3. Electron multiplier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_multiplier

    The electrodes have increasing resistance to allow secondary emission. Continuous dynodes use a negative high voltage in the wider end and goes to a positive near ground at the narrow end. The first device of this kind was called a Channel Electron Multiplier (CEM). CEMs required 2-4 kilovolts in order to achieve a gain of 10 6 electrons.

  4. Aufbau principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau_principle

    In this way, the electrons of an atom or ion form the most stable electron configuration possible. An example is the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3 for the phosphorus atom, meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2p subshell has 6 electrons, and so on.

  5. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    Sigma bonds occur when the orbitals of two shared electrons overlap head-to-head, with the electron density most concentrated between nuclei. Pi bonds occur when two orbitals overlap when they are parallel. [9] For example, a bond between two s-orbital electrons is a sigma bond, because two spheres are always coaxial. In terms of bond order ...

  6. Multiplicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(chemistry)

    Each has two electrons of opposite spin in the π* level so that S = 0 and the multiplicity is 2S + 1 = 1 in consequence. In the first excited state, the two π* electrons are paired in the same orbital, so that there are no unpaired electrons. In the second excited state, however, the two π* electrons occupy different orbitals with opposite spin.

  7. How to Introduce Dogs: The Best Trainer-Approved Method - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/introduce-dogs-best...

    8. Off-Leash Contact. If the on-leash contact went well, on another day, it may be possible to introduce the dogs off-leash in a neutral and safely fenced area after the next parallel walk.

  8. My 4-Ingredient Retro Dessert Is Perfect for the Holidays

    www.aol.com/4-ingredient-retro-dessert-perfect...

    1/4 teaspoon kosher salt. 1 teaspoon vanilla extract. 1/2 cup chopped nuts, such as almonds or pecans. Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with greased foil or a silicone baking ...

  9. 7 Tips for Having More Energy - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/7-tips-having-more-energy...

    How to Have More Energy: 7 Tips. This article was reviewed by Craig Primack, MD, FACP, FAAP, FOMA. Life can get incredibly busy, and keeping up often hinges on having enough energy.