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Catatonia is a complex syndrome, most commonly seen in people with underlying mood (e.g major depressive disorder) or psychotic disorders (e.g schizophrenia). [2] [3] People with catatonia have abnormal movement and behaviors, which vary from person to person and fluctuate in intensity within a single episode. [4]
In people with a first episode of psychosis in schizophrenia a good long-term outcome occurs in 31%, an intermediate outcome in 42% and a poor outcome in 31%. [238] Males are affected more often than females, and have a worse outcome. [239]
Post-schizophrenic depression is a "depressive episode arising in the aftermath of a schizophrenic illness where some low-level schizophrenic symptoms may still be present." [ 1 ] Someone that has post-schizophrenic depression experiences both symptoms of depression and can also continue showing mild symptoms of schizophrenia.
Schizophreniform disorder is a type of mental illness that is characterized by psychosis and closely related to schizophrenia.Both schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), have the same symptoms and essential features except for two differences: the level of functional impairment and the duration of symptoms.
Schizoaffective disorder is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder - either bipolar disorder or depression. [4] [5] The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without prominent mood symptoms. [5]
The symptoms of dissociative intoxication are also considered to mirror the symptoms of schizophrenia, including negative symptoms. [99] NMDA receptor antagonism, in addition to producing symptoms reminiscent of psychosis, mimics the neurophysiological aspects, such as reduction in the amplitude of P50, P300, and MMN evoked potentials. [100]
Psychotic symptoms are present but the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic types have not been met. Undifferentiated type (295.9) Post-schizophrenic depression (F20.4) A depressive episode arising in the aftermath of a schizophrenic illness where some low-level schizophrenic symptoms may still be present. Not present Residual (F20.5)
People with psychotic depression experience the symptoms of a major depressive episode, along with one or more psychotic symptoms, including delusions and/or hallucinations. [2] Delusions can be classified as mood congruent or incongruent, depending on whether or not the nature of the delusions is in keeping with the individual's mood state. [2]