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2. National Council Licensure Examination - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_Licensure...

   Most of the questions of the NCLEX exam are worded questions with multiple choice answers. In recent years, however, the NCSBN has added new format questions which do not involve simple multiple-choice selection. Examples of the new formats include identifying and selecting a particular area of a drawn body part, selecting multiple correct ...

3. PAH clearance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAH_clearance

   Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance is a method used in renal physiology to measure renal plasma flow, which is a measure of renal function. [citation needed]PAH is completely removed from blood that passes through the kidneys (PAH undergoes both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion), and therefore the rate at which the kidneys can clear PAH from the blood reflects total renal plasma flow.

4. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

   The kidney function can also be assessed with medical imaging. Some forms of imaging, such as kidney ultrasound or CT scans, may assess kidney function by indicating chronic disease that can impact function, by showing a small or shrivelled kidney. [citation needed].

5. Urinary system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

   The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .

6. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

   Volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidney per unit time. PAH clearance is a renal analysis method used to provide an estimate. Approximately 625 ml/min. renal blood flow = (HCT is hematocrit) Volume of blood delivered to the kidney per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in ...

7. Urea-to-creatinine ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea-to-creatinine_ratio

   Normal or Postrenal (after the kidney) Normal range. Can also be postrenal disease. BUN reabsorption is within normal limits. <12:1 <40:1 Intrarenal (within kidney) Renal damage causes reduced reabsorption of BUN, therefore lowering the BUN:Cr ratio. Decreased ratio indicates liver disease (due to decreased urea formation) or malnutrition. [4]