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Saint Catherine's Monastery (Arabic: دير القدّيسة كاترين Dayr al-QiddÄ«sa KatrÄ«n; Greek: Μονá½´ τῆς Ἁγίας Αá¼°κατερίνης), officially the Sacred Autonomous Royal Monastery of Saint Catherine of the Holy and God-Trodden Mount Sinai, is a Christian monastery located in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.
Dating between the 3rd century before Constantine and the legalization of Christianity up until the 7th century with the Islamic conquest of Egypt, the iconography adorning the chapels at El-Bagawat displays an evolution from the pre-Christian Judeo-Hellenic tradition seen in Jewish sites such as the Synagogue at Dura-Europos towards a unique Pharaonic-Coptic iconography where figures have ...
The vast majority of Egyptian Christians are Copts who belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Church. [2] [3] As of 2019, Copts in Egypt make up approximately 10 percent of the nation's population, [4] with an estimated population of 9.5 million (figure cited in the Wall Street Journal, 2017) [5] or 10 million (figure cited in the Associated Press, 2019). [6]
As late as the 7th century, Feiran was a city and an important Christian center, with its own bishop. The Monastery of El Tur was built by Emperor Justinian in the important port city, which was an early Christian center from the 3rd century AD. Today it lies in ruins but there is a new monastery in the city, as well as a church and a guest house.
During the later crusades, European priests and diplomats began to tour Egypt as a part of their pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Ludolph of Suchem , a parish priest in the diocese of Paderborn , mentions his visits to the “many cells and hermitages of holy fathers,” many of which live under St. Anthony. [ 10 ]
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the official name for the largest Christian church in Egypt. The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451.
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