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Public participation, also known as citizen participation or patient and public involvement, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of any organization or project. Public participation is similar to but more inclusive than stakeholder engagement .
The public engagement, here, is defined as “processes and initiatives focused on enabling public participation in the responsible innovation and development of new technologies, including the management and assessment of technological risk.” [4] The goals include:
Public participation in decision-making has been studied as a way to align value judgements and risk trade-offs with public values and attitudes about acceptable risk. This research is of interest for emerging areas of science, including controversial technologies and new applications.
Strategic lawsuits against public participation (also known as SLAPP suits or intimidation lawsuits), [1] or strategic litigation against public participation, [2] are lawsuits intended to censor, intimidate, and silence critics by burdening them with the cost of a legal defense until they abandon their criticism or opposition.
Active participation by local citizens and other stakeholders aims to enhance both the quality and relevance of the suggested interventions. Implementation Stage is when the planned intervention is implemented. Participation at this stage increases commitment, relevance and sustainability.
Participatory planning programs use a range of methods and tools to facilitate public participation in the urban planning process. Since the 1960s, planning programs have used tools such as referendums, focus groups, consensus conferences, citizen advisory committees, public hearings, and public opinion surveys to encourage public participation.
The Troubled-Teen Industry Has Been A Disaster For Decades. It's Still Not Fixed.
Participation in work decisions: Characterized as formal, long-term and direct participation. The content in this dimension focuses on work, e.g. task distribution, organizational methods of the task. Consultative participation: Same to the previous one except it has lower level of influence in decision-making.