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A wax motor is a linear actuator device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy by exploiting the phase-change behaviour of waxes. [1] During melting, wax typically expands in volume by 5–20% ( Freund et al. 1982 ).
The wax thermostatic element was invented in 1934 by Sergius Vernet (1899–1968). [1] Its principal application is in automotive thermostats used in the engine cooling system. The first applications in the plumbing and heating industries were in Sweden (1970) and in Switzerland (1971).
The replacement of a manual heating control with a conventional wax motor TRV has been estimated to save at least 280 kilograms (620 lb) of CO 2 per year (in 2011 for a British semi-detached house with 3 bedrooms and gas heating [1]). They are also considerably cost-efficient, using heat only when needed, and can reduce heating bills by up to ...
Opel engine codes explained 1. = Emissions controls 2./3. = Displacement (in tenths of liters) 4. = Compression ratio 5. = Fuel feed (only on gasoline engines) 5./6. = Special conditions empty = no emissions controls/ECE R83A 12 = 1.2 Liter G = < 8.5:1 V = Carburetor: A = Egyptian market/revised version P = High Output (until 2000)
In an electrically actuated wax motor to provide the heat necessary to expand the wax. Many electric motors and dry type power transformers incorporate PTC thermistors in their windings. When used in conjunction with a monitoring relay they provide overtemperature protection to prevent insulation damage.
A Regular Production Option (RPO) is a 3-digit standardized code used by General Motors to designate vehicle options & modifications. RPO codes designate how a vehicle is built, and they've been used on dealership order forms and in assembly plants since at least the 1950s (see Corvette C1).
Indian Refining patented the first "wax free" oil under the Havoline brand. Chemists at the Lawrenceville refinery developed the wax free motor oil leading to an Indian Refining patent. The Texas Company acquired Indian Refining in 1931 primarily to access the formulation for wax free motor oil. The oil was further developed and is currently ...
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