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According to its materials safety data sheet (MSDS), methoprene is a material that may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; may cause eye, skin, or respiratory system irritation; and is very toxic to aquatic life. [5]
Methoprene is moderately toxic to some fish, shrimp, lobster, and crayfish, and highly toxic to some fish and freshwater invertebrates; it bioaccumulates in fish tissues. [ 3 ] Temephos , marketed as Abate and ProVect, is an organophosphate which prevents mosquito larvae from developing resistance to bacterial larvicides.
They have low vertebrate and environmental toxicity. Methoprene and pyriproxyfen are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for treating drinking water sources and containers. [5] Many plants produce juvenile hormone mimics (phytojuvenoids) to kill insects. [6]
The metabolite MB 46136 is more toxic than the parent to freshwater fish (6.3 times more toxic to rainbow trout and 3.3 times more toxic to bluegill sunfish). Based on an acute daphnia study using fipronil and three supplemental studies using its metabolites, fipronil is characterized as highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. [7]
Phenothrin, also called sumithrin and d-phenothrin, [2] is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks.It has also been used to kill head lice in humans. d-Phenothrin is used as a component of aerosol insecticides for domestic use.
Aquatic life is extremely susceptible to pyrethrin toxicity, and has been documented in species such as the lake trout. Although pyrethrins are quickly metabolized by birds and most mammals, fish and aquatic invertebrates lack the ability to metabolize these compounds, leading to a toxic accumulation of byproducts. [29]
Aldicarb is a highly toxic carbamate insecticide used to control pests on various crops. It is known for its potential environmental and health risks.
Pesticide poisoning is an important occupational health issue because pesticides are used in a large number of industries, which puts many different categories of workers at risk.