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Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +
The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution is expressed as "M" (pronounced "molar"). Whereas molarity measures the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution, osmolarity measures the number of osmoles of solute particles per unit volume of ...
where is the chemical potential of the pure solvent and is the chemical potential of the solvent in a solution, M A is its molar mass, x A its mole fraction, R the gas constant and T the temperature in Kelvin. [1] The latter osmotic coefficient is sometimes called the rational osmotic coefficient. The values for the two definitions are ...
For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is equal to the number of discrete ions in a formula unit of the substance. This is true for ideal solutions only, as occasionally ion pairing occurs in solution. At a given instant a small percentage of the ions are paired and count as a single particle.
where is osmotic pressure, i is the dimensionless van 't Hoff index, c is the molar concentration of solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature (usually in kelvins). This formula applies when the solute concentration is sufficiently low that the solution can be treated as an ideal solution.
In the present day, the method is applied, among other areas, in measuring osmolarity in lens care solutions as well as eye drops. [8] It is further used in clinical chemistry, pharmaceutical, and quality control laboratories, where it facilitates different processes. As compared to the other methods, the freezing point depression osmometer has ...
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Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 2 ]