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The judicial system is structured in three levels with subsidiary parts. The Supreme Court is the top court and serves as the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. High Courts are the top judicial bodies in individual states, controlled and managed by state Chief Justices.
The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) was a proposed body which would have been responsible for the recruitment, appointment and transfer of judicial officers, legal officers and legal employees under the government of India and in all state governments of India.
The term judicial review finds no mention in the Constitution of India but the Constitution implicitly provides for judicial review through Articles 13, 32 and through 136, 142 and 226. [ 2 ] Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers , the power of the judiciary to supervise the legislative and executive ...
The Committee on Judicial Accountability and Judicial Reforms (CJAR) is a group of lawyers in India who work to improve the accountability of judges. In 1998 the committee prepared a charge sheet to impeach Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi, and obtained the signatures of 25 Rajya Sabha MPs. However, Punchhi was appointed Chief Justice of India ...
On 5 September 2013, the Rajya Sabha passed the Constitution (120th Amendment) bill, 2013, which amends articles 124(2) and 217(1) of the Constitution of India, 1950, and establishes the Judicial Appointments Commission, on whose recommendation the President would appoint judges to the higher judiciary. [7]
The terms of reference given to the Commission stated that it shall examine, in the light of the experience of the past fifty years, as to how best the Constitution can respond to the changing needs of efficient, smooth and effective system of governance and socio-economic development of modern India within the framework of parliamentary democracy, and to recommend changes, if any, that are ...
The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is public interest litigation (PIL) or social action litigation (SAL).It refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer.
'Kerala land reform acts' and amendments to these act placed under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 30th: Amend article 133. [36] 9 June 1972 Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law. 31st: Amend articles 81, 330 and 332. [37] 17 October 1973